What is Meningitis & Encephalitis ?
Infections and other disorders that affects the brain and spinal cord can activate the immune system, which leads to inflammation. These diseases, and the resulting inflammation, can produce a wide range of symptoms, including fever, headache, seizures, and changes in behavior or confusion. In extreme cases, these can cause stroke, brain damage, or even death.
Inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord, is called meningitis.
Inflammation of the brain itself is called encephalitis. Myelitis refers to inflammation of the spinal cord. When both the brain and the spinal cord are involved, the condition is called encephalomyelitis.
Symptoms of meningitis, which may appear suddenly, often include:
- High fever.
- Severe and persistent headache.
- Stiff neck.
- Nausea.
- Sensitivity to bright light.
- Vomiting, and
- Changes in behavior such as confusion, sleepiness, and difficulty waking up.
Symptoms of encephalitis that might require emergency treatment by Best Neurologist in Kukatpally include loss of consciousness, seizures, muscle weakness, or sudden severe dementia. Other symptoms include:
- Sudden fever.
- Headache.
- Vomiting.
- Heightened sensitivity to light.
- Confusion and impaired judgment.
- Stiff neck and back.
- Drowsiness.
- Weak muscles.
- A clumsy and unsteady gait.
- Irritability.
In infants, symptoms of meningitis or encephalitis may include fever, vomiting, lethargy, body stiffness, unexplained irritability, and a full or bulging fontanel (the soft spot on the top of the head).
Treatment for Meningitis & Encephalitis
Antibiotics for most types of meningitis that can greatly decrease the risk of dying from the disease. Antiviral medications may be prescribed for viral encephalitis or other severe viral infections. Anticonvulsants are used to prevent or treat seizures by Best Neurologist in KPHB colony. Corticosteroid drugs can reduce brain swelling and inflammation. Over-the-counter medications may be used for fever and headache at Best Neurology Hospital in Hyderabad. Individuals with encephalitis or bacterial meningitis are usually hospitalized for treatment. Affected individuals with breathing difficulties may require artificial respiration.